After failing his chemistry exam,Charles believes he does not have the intelligence to succeed in school and ultimately in life.Charles' low opinion of himself is representative of his low

A) self-esteem.
B) self-efficacy.
C) defensive self-esteem.
D) self-disclosure.

Self-esteem

An individual's overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth.

Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Defensive Self-esteem

A form of self-esteem that is fragile and vulnerable, often leading to aggressive or defensive reactions when it's threatened.