All of the following statements are central to empiricism EXCEPT ______.

A) Knowledge comes from an individual's experience.
B) Learning takes place through the mental association of two ideas.
C) Environment plays a powerful role in determining intellectual ability.
D) Important structures of the human mind are present at birth.

Empiricism

A theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience, emphasizing the role of experience and evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions.

Intellectual Ability

The capacity to engage in higher-order thinking, analysis, and reasoning.

Birth

The act or process of being born, marking the beginning of life outside the mother's womb.