_____ can be defined as any voluntary, attitude-driven behavior that violates organizational norms and causes some degree of harm to an organization, coworkers, or supervisors.

A) Organizational citizenship behavior
B) Cognitive consonance behavior
C) Emotional contagion behavior
D) Counterproductive work behavior

Counterproductive Work Behavior

Actions by employees that intentionally hinder organizational goals or objectives.

Organizational Norms

Shared expectations and rules that guide behavior of people within social groups, including workplaces.

Voluntary Behavior

Actions taken by an individual out of free will without external compulsion or coercion.