Consumer surplus measures:

A) the extra amount that a consumer must pay to obtain a marginal unit of a good or service.
B) the excess demand that consumers have when a price ceiling holds prices below their equilibrium.
C) the benefit that consumers receive from a good or service beyond what they pay.
D) gain or loss to consumers from price fixing.

Consumer Surplus

The gap between what consumers are ready and able to expend for a good or service and what they actually spend.

Price Ceiling

A legally imposed limit on the price that can be charged for a good or service, typically set below the equilibrium price.

Excess Demand

A situation where the quantity demanded of a good or service exceeds the quantity supplied at a particular price, often leading to upward pressure on prices.