Cross-sectional research indicated that during early and middle adulthood,aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence. Longitudinal research indicated that during this period of life,aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.

A) stable; declining
B) declining; declining
C) declining; stable
D) increasing; stable

Cross-Sectional Research

A research method that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time to examine relationships between variables.

Longitudinal Research

A study design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over a period of time, often years or even decades.

Intelligence Levels

Varying degrees of cognitive capacity among individuals, including problem-solving, learning, adaptation, and understanding complex concepts.