The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated by studies of

A) shaping.
B) latent learning.
C) the law of effect.
D) online testing.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without reinforcement but is not demonstrated until there is an incentive to perform.

Shaping

A method of training by which successive approximations toward a target behavior are reinforced, used especially in behavior therapy.

Law Of Effect

A principle in psychology that suggests behaviors are more likely to recur if followed by positive outcomes and less likely if followed by negative outcomes.