The total fertility rate

A) measures the average number of children that a woman is expected to have during her lifetime.
B) exceeds the replacement rate in countries with a falling population.
C) equals the rate of population change over time.
D) rises as income rises.

Total Fertility Rate

An estimate of the average number of children a woman will have over her lifetime, based on current birth rates.

Replacement Rate

In demography, it refers to the fertility rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. In economics, it can refer to the ratio of benefits (like pensions) replacing employment income.

Population Change

The variation in the number of individuals in a population over time, influenced by factors such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.