Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?

A) humanistic theory
B) trait theory
C) psychoanalytic theory
D) social-cognitive theory

Psychoanalytic Theory

A theory developed by Sigmund Freud that focuses on unconscious processes as the driving forces behind human behavior, emphasizing childhood experiences and sexual drives.

Humanistic Theory

A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person, looking at human behavior through the eyes of the observer and the individual being observed.

Social-Cognitive Theory

A theory in psychology that postulates that learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior.