Personal determinants in the buying decision include all of the following EXCEPT

A) needs and motives.
B) perceptions.
C) learning and self-concept.
D) cultural experiences.

Personal Determinants

Individual characteristics such as personality, attitudes, values, and behaviors that influence one's decisions and actions in various situations.

Cultural Experiences

Engagements that allow individuals to gain insight into and appreciation for the traditions, arts, customs, and worldview of a culture different from their own.

Needs and Motives

The psychological or physical deficiencies that prompt individuals to act in a certain way or pursue particular goals to satisfy those deficiencies.